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      <h1 id="npm">npm</h1>
<p>npm（node package manage）</p>
<p>常用命令：</p>
<ul>
<li>npm 初始化：<code>npm init -y</code></li>
<li>将 npm 更新到最新版本：<code>npm install npm@latest</code></li>
<li>安装 jquery ：<code>npm install jquery [-g]</code> 或指定版本号 <code>npm i jquery@3.0.1  [-g]</code></li>
<li>卸载 jquery ：<code>npm uninstall jquery [-g]</code></li>
<li>更新 juqery ：<code>npm update jquery</code></li>
<li>查看全局安装了哪些包（模块）：<code>npm list -g --depth 0</code></li>
<li>查看<strong>全局</strong>或<strong>项目</strong>中模块安装的路径：<code>npm root [-g]</code></li>
<li>模块信息（名称、版本号、依赖关系、Repo）：<code>npm view &lt;name&gt; [package.json属性名称]</code></li>
</ul>
<p>参考：https://www.jianshu.com/p/7ea13d57638b</p>
<p>免费的 CDN 服务：https://www.bootcdn.cn/</p>
<h1 id="nrm">nrm</h1>
<p>什么是 nrm ？</p>
<p>nrm（npm registry manager ）是 npm 的镜像源管理工具，提供了一些最常用的 NPM 包镜像地址，例如淘宝镜像，能够让我们快速的切换安装包时候的服务器地址；</p>
<p>安装 nrm 之前，先安装 npm ，官网：https://github.com/npm/cli ，下载地址：https://nodejs.org/en/download/</p>
<p>如：在 windows 中安装 node-v10.16.3-x64.msi ，</p>
<pre><code class="language-tex">C:\Users\lwx&gt;npm i nrm -g
npm WARN deprecated coffee-script@1.7.1: CoffeeScript on NPM has moved to &quot;coffeescript&quot; (no hyphen)
C:\Users\lwx\AppData\Roaming\npm\nrm -&gt; C:\Users\lwx\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\nrm\cli.js
+ nrm@1.2.1
added 489 packages from 840 contributors in 148.807s

C:\Users\lwx&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>环境变量（自动）配置好后，进行以下步骤：</p>
<ol>
<li>运行<code>npm i nrm -g</code>全局安装<code>nrm</code>包；</li>
<li>使用<code>nrm ls</code>查看当前所有可用的镜像源地址以及当前所使用的镜像源地址；</li>
<li>使用<code>nrm use npm</code>或<code>nrm use taobao</code>切换不同的镜像源地址；</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p>注意： nrm 只是单纯的提供了几个常用的 下载包的 URL地址，并能够让我们在 这几个 地址之间，很方便的进行切换，但是，我们每次装包的时候，使用的 装包工具，都是  npm ——《vue教程-黑马-205集完整版》</p>
</blockquote>
<h1 id="cnpm">cnpm</h1>
<p>cnpm 是装包工具，安装 npm 后，可以安装 cnpm ：<code>npm i cnpm -g</code></p>
<h1 id="概述">概述</h1>
<h2 id="网页中常见的静态资源">网页中常见的静态资源？</h2>
<ul>
<li>JS
<ul>
<li>.js  .jsx  .coffee  .ts（TypeScript  类 C# 语言）</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>CSS
<ul>
<li>.css  .less   .sass  .scss</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Images
<ul>
<li>.jpg   .png   .gif   .bmp   .svg</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>字体文件（Fonts）
<ul>
<li>.svg   .ttf   .eot   .woff   .woff2</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>模板文件
<ul>
<li>.ejs   .jade  .vue【这是在webpack中定义组件的方式，推荐这么用】</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="静态资源多了以后有什么问题">静态资源多了以后有什么问题？</h2>
<ol>
<li>网页加载速度慢， 因为 我们要发起很多的二次请求；</li>
<li>要处理错综复杂的依赖关系</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="如何解决上述两个问题">如何解决上述两个问题</h2>
<ol>
<li>合并、压缩、精灵图、图片的Base64编码</li>
<li>可以使用之前学过的requireJS、也可以使用webpack可以解决各个包之间的复杂依赖关系；</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="什么是webpack">什么是webpack?</h2>
<p>webpack 是前端的一个项目构建工具，它是基于 Node.js 开发出来的一个前端工具；</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/leafsing/pic/raw/master/img/20200709020551.png" alt=""></p>
<p>webpack 能做什么？</p>
<ul>
<li>处理 JS 文件的相互依赖关系</li>
<li>处理 JS 浏览器兼容问题（高级语法转换为低级语法）</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="如何完美实现上述的2种解决方案">如何完美实现上述的2种解决方案</h2>
<ol>
<li>使用Gulp， 是基于 task 任务的；</li>
<li>使用Webpack， 是基于整个项目进行构建的；</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>借助于webpack这个前端自动化构建工具，可以完美实现资源的合并、打包、压缩、混淆等诸多功能。</li>
<li>根据官网的图片介绍webpack打包的过程</li>
<li>webpack 官网：https://webpack.js.org</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="webpack安装的两种方式">webpack安装的两种方式</h2>
<ol>
<li>运行<code>npm i webpack -g</code>全局安装webpack，这样就能在全局使用webpack的命令，另外安装<code>npm i webpack-cli -g</code></li>
<li>在项目根目录中运行<code>npm i webpack --save-dev</code>安装到项目依赖中</li>
</ol>
<p>本处教程安装的是 webpack 版本 4.41.0</p>
<h1 id="入门-示例">入门-示例</h1>
<p>命令行窗口，先执行<code>npm init -y</code>初始化<code>package.json</code>文件，然后安装依赖，如 jquery，最后执行 webpack 打包</p>
<ul>
<li><code>npm init -y</code></li>
<li><code>npm i jquery -S</code></li>
<li><code>webpack .\src\main.js -o .\dist\bundle.js --mode=development</code></li>
</ul>
<p>项目结构：</p>
<pre><code>webpack
    dist
        bundle.js
    node_modules
        jquery
    src
        css
        images
        js
        index.html
        main.js
    package.json
</code></pre>
<p>index.html</p>
<pre><code class="language-html">&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;
&lt;html lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
&lt;head&gt;
    &lt;meta charset=&quot;UTF-8&quot;&gt;
    &lt;title&gt;webpack基本使用&lt;/title&gt;
    &lt;!--这里导入的是 webpack 编译后的文件--&gt;
    &lt;script src=&quot;../dist/bundle.js&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
&lt;/head&gt;
&lt;body&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
    &lt;li&gt;这是第1个li&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;li&gt;这是第2个li&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;li&gt;这是第3个li&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;li&gt;这是第4个li&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;li&gt;这是第5个li&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/html&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>需要使用 webpack 编译 main.js</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">// main.js 是项目的 JS 入口文件

// 1、导入 jQuery
// 用 $ 来接收 jquery ， import .. from .. 是 es6 导入模块语法
import $ from 'jquery';

$(function () {
    $('li:odd').css('backgroundColor', 'lightblue');
    $('li:even').css('backgroundColor', function () {
        return '#' + '8fd19e'
    });
})
</code></pre>
<h1 id="webpack-最基本的配置文件">webpack 最基本的配置文件</h1>
<p>在项目根目录，新建一个<code>webpack.config.js</code>文件，内容如下：</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">const path = require('path');

// 通过 node 中的模块操作，向外暴露一个配置对象
module.exports = {
    // 手动指定入口、出口
    entry: path.join(__dirname, './src/main.js'),// 要打包哪个文件
    output: {
        path: path.join(__dirname, './dist'),// 输出到哪个目录
        filename: 'bundle.js'// 文件名称
    }
};
</code></pre>
<p>然后，在控制台输入<code>webpack</code>即可将 js 编译至相应的目录</p>
<h1 id="webpack-dev-server-的基本使用">webpack-dev-server 的基本使用</h1>
<p>目的：让 webpack 自动监听代码的改动，自动部署，不用手动执行<code>webpack</code>命令</p>
<ul>
<li>安装：<code>npm i webpack-dev-server -D</code>，安装到项目本地开发依赖</li>
<li></li>
</ul>

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